Comparative Analysis of Seismic Performance of Multi-Ribbed Composite Wall Panels with Different Frame Configurations

To investigate the influence mechanism of frame-grid configuration on the seismic performance of multi-ribbed composite walls， three 1/2-scale specimens with different grid layouts—nine-grid （Q-1）， six-grid （Q-2）， and four-grid （Q-3）—were designed and fabricated. Quasi-static loading tests and finite element simulations were conducted to systematically compare the failure modes， hysteretic behavior， stiffness degradation， bearing capacity， ductility， and energy dissipation capacity of the three wall types. The results showed that Q-1 exhibited the best overall seismic performance， with cumulative energy dissipation 15.2% and 28.5% higher than that of Q-2 and Q-3， respectively， and the highest initial stiffness. Q-2 demonstrated good deformation capacity， with an ultimate inter-story drift ratio 9.03% higher than that of Q-1 and a peak load 33.09% higher than that of Q-3. Q-3 achieved the highest ductility coefficient （2.273） but suffered from the lowest bearing capacity and energy dissipation， with its peak load reaching only 80.5% of that of Q-1. The developed finite element model accurately simulated the mechanical behavior of the walls， with errors for both yield load and peak load all below 5%. The proposed shear capacity formula， derived from limit equilibrium theory， was validated against 21 numerical cases， with 87% of the cases showing relative errors within 8%. Based on these findings， design recommendations are provided： the nine-grid configuration is recommended for high-rise buildings； the six-grid configuration is suitable for mid-to-high-rise buildings requiring high ductility； and the four-grid configuration， if used， should have its reinforcement ratio increased by 25%-35% and its joint details optimized.