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Calibration of Parameters for the Void Expansion Model of Q355D Steel and Its Welds
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摘要: 针对Q355D钢母材及焊缝材料，制作了5种角度的V形缺口圆棒试件，并对其进行了单调拉伸试验，试验中所有试件均发生韧性断裂，试件断裂位移随着V形缺口角度的增大而增大，焊缝试件的断裂位移比相应的母材试件略小，观察试件断口形貌发现，试件V60、V75和V90的韧性断裂萌生于缺口尖端，试件V105和V120的韧性断裂萌生于缺口截面中心。对V形缺口圆棒试件的单调拉伸试验进行了有限元模拟，得到的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果吻合较好，基于单调拉伸试验结果，结合对试验的有限元模拟，标定了Q355D钢母材和焊缝孔洞扩张模型的断裂参数，发现焊缝与母材的断裂参数基本相同，说明焊缝材料和母材同样具有较好的韧性性能。孔洞扩张模型预测的V形缺口试件的断裂萌生位置与试验观察相同，对V形缺口试件断裂位移的预测与试验结果最大相差不到15%，验证了所标定的孔洞扩张模型断裂参数的合理性，同时也验证了孔洞扩张模型对萌生于不同位置的V形缺口圆棒试件韧性断裂分析的适用性。Abstract: V-notched round bar specimens with five different notch angles were fabricated and tested for Q355D steel and its welds. Ductile fracture occurred in monotonic tensile tests on all these specimens. The fracture displacements of the specimens increased with the V-notch angle. The welded specimens exhibited slightly smaller fracture displacements than their corresponding base metal counterparts. Observations of the fracture surfaces showed that ductile fracture initiated at the notch tip for specimens V60， V75 and V90， while at the notch section center for specimens V105 and V120. Monotonic tensile tests on V-notched round bar specimens were simulated using the finite element method. The load-displacement curves obtained by numerical simulations agreed well with test results. The void expansion models were calibrated for the Q355D steel and its welds based on the tests and numerical simulations. The parameters in the void expansion model for the base metal and its welds were almost identical， indicating that the welds exhibited comparable superior ductility to the base metal. The fracture locations predicted by the void expansion model were consistent with the test observations for all V-notched round bar specimens. The predicted fracture displacements for all V-notched specimens differed from test results by less than 15%， validating the rationality of the calibrated void expansion model. This also confirmed the applicability of the void expansion model for the analysis of ductile fracture of V-notched round bar specimens initiating at different locations.
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