Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Tension-Compression Composite Bolts
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摘要: 锚杆加固技术被广泛用于边坡工程中的支护结构,但传统锚杆在高陡边坡等复杂工况下难以兼顾高强度与高延性。为此,将孪生诱发塑性钢(TWIP钢)作为承压锚固段材料,引入拉压复合型锚杆体系,研发兼具高承载力与大变形能力的新型锚固结构,并通过拉拔试验,对比分析TWIP钢拉力型锚杆、传统HRB400拉力型锚杆与TWIP/HRB400组合拉压复合型锚杆的力学性能。结果显示,拉压复合型锚杆均发生TWIP钢杆体断裂,极限荷载达260.89~265.82 kN,是HRB400拉力型锚杆的2倍;变形能力上,其极限荷载下位移约207 mm,是HRB400拉力型锚杆的3.25倍、TWIP钢拉力型锚杆的51倍,TWIP钢平行段应变率达53.7%,高延性特性显著;拉压复合型锚杆剪应力分布更合理,承压板处剪应力未达极限黏结强度且无滑移;加载初始阶段荷载主要由承压锚固段承担,位移达80 mm后向受拉锚固段转移,两段协同工作良好。研究成果将为拉压复合型锚杆在复杂岩土工程中的应用提供理论支撑。Abstract: Bolt reinforcement technology has been widely used in supporting structures for slope engineering. However, traditional bolts are difficult to balance high strength and high ductility under complex conditions, such as those encountered in high and steep slopes. This study employed Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel as the material for the compression-bearing anchorage section, introduced a tension-compression composite bolt system, and developed a new type of anchorage structure with both high bearing capacity and large deformation capacity. Through pull-out tests, the mechanical properties of three types of bolts were compared and analyzed: TWIP steel tension-type bolts, traditional HRB400 tension-type bolts, and TWIP/HRB400 tension-compression composite bolts. The results showed that all tension-compression composite bolts experienced fracture of the TWIP steel rod, with an ultimate load ranging from 260.89 to 265.82 kN, which was twice that of HRB400 tension-type bolts. In terms of deformation capacity, the displacement at the ultimate load was approximately 207 mm, 3.25 times that of HRB400 tension-type bolts and 51 times that of TWIP steel tension-type bolts. The strain rate in the parallel section of the TWIP steel reached 53.7%, demonstrating significant high-ductility characteristics. The shear stress distribution in tension-compression composite bolts was more reasonable. The shear stress at the bearing plate did not reach the ultimate bond strength, and no slippage occurred. In the initial loading stage, the load was primarily borne by the compression-bearing anchorage section. After the displacement reached 80 mm, it transferred to the tension-bearing anchorage section, with the two sections working together in good synergy. These research findings provide theoretical support for the application of tension-compression composite bolts in complex geotechnical engineering.
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