Research on Design and Impact Performance of Wing-Wall-Free Stiffness-Gradient Guardrail Transition Section
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摘要: 护栏过渡段在混凝土护栏与钢护栏的连接过渡中起到极为关键的作用。然而,由于传统的混凝土翼墙护栏过渡段存在施工周期长、造价高、改造难度大等问题,需要一种免翼墙的设计来缓解上述问题。为此提出了一种四级(SB级)免翼墙护栏过渡段结构设计。该结构利用三波板与防阻板以及不等间距立柱实现钢护栏与混凝土护栏之间的连接,利用支撑块实现钢护栏与混凝土护栏之间的平滑过渡,从而代替传统翼墙的施工方法。采用HyperMesh与LS-DYNA软件对碰撞模型进行有限元分析,通过足尺实车碰撞试验分别进行了小型客车、中型客车和大型货车与护栏过渡段的碰撞试验,对该结构的阻挡功能、导向功能和缓冲功能进行分析与安全性评估。足尺实车碰撞试验与模拟结果均能满足JTG D81—2017《公路交通安全设施设计规范》的要求且有较好统一性,认为该设计可以满足防撞等级SB级别防护要求,为免翼墙过渡段类型设计提供思路指导。Abstract: The guardrail transition section plays a crucial role in connecting concrete and steel guardrails. However, traditional transition designs incorporating concrete wing walls have disadvantages such as prolonged construction duration, high cost, and difficulty in retrofitting. To address these issues, this research proposes a wing-wall-free SB-level guardrail transition structure. This design replaces traditional wing walls by using triple W-beam guardrails, anti-blocking plates, and variably spaced posts to connect the steel and concrete guardrails, with supporting blocks ensuring a smooth stiffness change. Finite element analysis was conducted using HyperMesh and LS-DYNA, and full-scale vehicle impact tests were carried out involving a small passenger car, a medium passenger bus, and a large truck to evaluate the transition section’s containment, redirection, and energy absorption capabilities. The simulation and experimental results were consistent and met all regulatory requirements in Design Specifications for Highway Safetey Facilities(JTG D81-2017), demonstrating that the proposed design satisfies SB-level crashworthiness standards. This study provides a design concept for wing-wall-free guardrail transition sections.
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