Research on the Fatigue Performance of Hinge-Type Seismic Connectors for Seismic Bracing Supports in Buildings
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摘要: 抗震支吊架与建筑结构本体牢固连接,是一种非常常见的建筑机电设备。除了能起到支撑与固定的作用外,地震发生时还能对管线设备提供必要的保护,有利于减轻地震引起的次生灾害。由于该构件大规模应用时间较短,关于其力学特性及构件行为的研究较为有限,相关机理尚未完全揭示。铰链式抗震连接构件作为建筑抗震支吊架的关键部位,在使用过程中受力集中,且在交变荷载下容易损坏。针对铰链式抗震连接构件的受力特点,对于其力学性能尤其是疲劳性能的研究具有很强的实际意义。为此,根据同种材料和尺寸规格的铰链式抗震连接构件抗拉承载力试验样本,采用数学统计的方法获得了对应置信度下的抗拉承载力数值。根据其抗拉承载力的统计结果,确定了疲劳试验中的升降法应力水平,以升降法测得铰链式抗震连接构件的中值疲劳极限应力。对于其疲劳寿命,则通过成组法分别在不同的应力等级下进行了测定。通过将上述升降法以及成组法中的相关数据点相结合绘出S-N曲线。对抗拉承载力的试验结果进行细致分析解读后发现:由于抗震连接零件2为缺口式结构,应力集中现象极易在受力过程中发生,从而滋生裂纹并迅速扩展,最终导致零件的失效;破坏承载力试验中,在样本置信度为0.9的情况下,破坏荷载的置信区间为31571~39480 N;在置信度为0.95时,对应区间为30718~40333 N;若将疲劳循环周次设定为100万次,其对应的中值疲劳强度为19.56 MPa。最终得出在设计或安装使用情况下,抗震连接构件所受的力值小于2900 N时,整个抗震支吊架结构会有较高的安全性。Abstract: Seismic bracing systems are securely connected to the main building structure and are a very common type of building mechanical and electrical equipment. In addition to providing support and fixation, they also offer essential protection to pipelines and equipment during earthquakes, helping to mitigate secondary disasters caused by seismic events. However, due to their relatively short history of large-scale application, research on their mechanical properties and structural behavior remains limited, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood. As a critical component of seismic bracing systems, hinge-type seismic connectors are subjected to concentrated forces during use and are prone to damage under alternating loads. Given the unique stress characteristics of hinge-type seismic connectors, studying their mechanical performance—particularly their fatigue performance—holds significant practical importance. Based on tensile bearing capacity specimens of hinge-type seismic connectors with identical materials and dimensional specifications, this study employed mathematical statistical methods to determine the tensile capacity values under corresponding confidence conditions. According to the statistical results of tensile capacity, the stress levels for the fatigue test were determined using the up-and-down method, which yielded the median fatigue limit stress of the hinge-type seismic connectors. For fatigue life evaluation, the group method was applied to measure performance at different stress levels. The S-N curve was then established by integrating the relevant data points obtained from both the up-and-down method and the group method. A detailed analysis of the tensile capacity test results revealed that due to the notched structure of seismic connector part 2, stress concentration readily occurred during loading, leading to crack initiation and rapid propagation, ultimately resulting in component failure. In the ultimate load-bearing tests: at a 0.9 confidence level, the failure load confidence interval was 31571 N to 39480 N; at a 0.95 confidence level, the corresponding interval ranged from 30718 N to 40333 N. The S-N curve analysis indicated a median fatigue strength of 19.56 MPa at one million cycles. This study concluded that when the applied force on seismic connectors remains below 2900 N during design or installation, the entire seismic bracing system maintains a high safety margin.
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