钢-混凝土组合结构抗火性能研究进展

丁发兴; 王文君; 蒋彬辉; 王莉萍; 严夏; 尹国安; 李家富; 董超; 薛红京; 陈志强; 赵仕兴; 亓立刚

doi:10.13206/j.gjgS25011101

钢-混凝土组合结构抗火性能研究进展

doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS25011101

丁发兴^1,2,
王文君^1, ,,
蒋彬辉¹,
王莉萍¹,
严夏¹,
尹国安³,
李家富⁴,
董超⁴,
薛红京⁵,
陈志强⁶,
赵仕兴⁷,
亓立刚⁸

1. 中南大学土木工程学院, 长沙 410075;
2. 湖南省装配式建筑工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410075;
3. 临沂大学土木工程与建筑学院, 山东临沂 276000;
4. 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司, 北京 100045;
5. 北京市建筑设计研究院股份有限公司, 北京 100045;
6. 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610000;
7. 四川省建筑设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610000;
8. 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司, 上海 200000

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（51978664，52208172）。

详细信息

作者简介:
丁发兴,博士,教授,主要从事钢-混凝土混合结构研究工作。

通讯作者:
王文君,博士,jun73709865@163.com。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-11

Research Progress on Fire Resistance of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures

1. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China;
2. Engineering Technology Research Center for Prefabricated Construction Industrialization of Hunan Province, Changsha 410075, China;
3. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China;
4. Capital Engineering and Research Incorporation Limited, Beijing 100045, China;
5. Beijing Institute of Architectural Design Co., Ltd., Beijing 100045, China;
6. China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China;
7. Sichuan Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China;
8. China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China

摘要

摘要: 钢-混凝土组合结构具有强度与刚度高、抗震性能优良与施工效率高等优点，被广泛运用于多高层、大跨度和重载建筑结构中。在建筑火灾频发，给人类生命与财产带来极大威胁的背景下，研究钢-混凝土组合结构的抗火性能，建立考虑结构整体性能的抗火设计方法并采取相应的抗火构造措施，最终以保证结构关键部位构件和整体结构不倒塌为目标，对保证整体结构的消防安全和节约建筑防火成本具有重要意义。为此，归纳总结了钢-混凝土组合结构抗火性能的研究进展，包括钢-混凝土组合梁、钢筋混凝土板、钢管混凝土柱及钢-混凝土组合平面、空间框架的火灾试验研究，讨论并比较了：各种抗火分析模型，提出了当前研究存在的一些主要问题与尚需深入研究的方向。基于现有研究成果总结如下：1）试验研究表明，钢-混凝土组合约束梁在高温大变形下由于悬链线效应使得抗火性能显著优于简支梁；钢筋混凝土双向板抗火性能优异且高温下出现板面开裂而板底较为完好的现象；普通钢管混凝土柱的抗火性能有限而需采取措施提高其耐火极限；组合空间框架抗火性能优于平面框架，受火过程中平面框架发生梁或柱失效模式，空间框架整体性能好而没有发生坍塌。2）数值分析表明，壳-实体单元模型模拟钢-混凝土组合连续梁与约束梁时，能够较好地模拟钢梁局部屈曲与扭转屈曲的试验现象；实体单元模型模拟钢筋混凝土双向板时，能较好地模拟钢筋混凝土双向板厚度方向截面温度场非均匀引起的膨胀变形；实体单元或壳-实体单元模型模拟钢管混凝土柱时，可体现钢管与混凝土之间的界面脱空、滑移及约束作用；混凝土采用实体单元并与其热-力-时本构关系相结合时，能较好地反映钢筋混凝土双向板板顶开裂而板底较为完好的现象，而钢材采用实体或壳单元并将钢材高温蠕变隐含考虑在应力引起应变中的热-力本构关系时，火灾下钢-混凝土组合梁和钢管混凝土柱的变形有限元计算值与试验值吻合良好。3）因试验条件的限制，结构火灾试验难以做到倒塌状态，结构体系的失效机理尚不清楚，有必采用壳-实体有限元模型并结合材料热-力-（时）本构关系开展组合结构空间框架结构抗火分析，建立构件失效与结构体系失效之间的联系；现有规范防火设计采用的基于构件试验或计算的设计方法、当前基于构件的防火设计方法是否能满足结构防火设计要求仍需要进行深入探讨。
- 钢-混凝土组合梁 /
- 钢管混凝土柱 /
- 钢筋混凝土板 /
- 框架结构 /
- 抗火性能 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: Steel-concrete composite structures have been widely used in multi-story， long-span， and heavy-load buildings due to their advantages of high strength， high stiffness， excellent seismic performance， and construction efficiency. With the rising frequency of building fires， which pose significant threats to life and property， investigating the fire resistance of these structures is imperative. This necessitates developing fire-resistance design methods that consider overall structural performance and implementing corresponding protective measures. The ultimate goal is to ensure the integrity of critical structural components and prevent the collapse of the overall structure， which is of great significance in ensuring the overall fire safety of structures and reducing fire protection costs in construction.This paper summarized the fire resistance of steel-concrete composite structures， focusing on fire experimental studies on steel-concrete composite beams， reinforced concrete （RC） two-way slabs， concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） columns， as well as the steel-concrete composite planar and spatial frames. Additionally， various fire resistance analysis models were discussed and compared. Based on the review， key issues and future directions were proposed．The main findings were as follows： 1） Experimental studies demonstrated that steel-concrete composite restrained beams exhibited significantly better fire resistance than simply-supported beams， owing to the catenary effect under high temperatures and large deformations. RC two-way slabs showed excellent fire resistance， with observed cracking on the top surface while the bottom remained relatively intact. The fire resistance of conventional CFST columns was found to be limited， requiring protective measures. Moreover， composite spatial frames demonstrated superior performance compared to planar frames， as they maintained structural integrity without collapse， whereas planar frames were prone to beam or column failure. 2） Numerical analysis indicated that the shell-solid element model effectively simulated the local and torsional buckling of steel beams observed in tests of steel-concrete composite continuous and restrained beams. The solid element model accurately reproduced the expansion deformation in reinforced concrete two-way slabs resulting from non-uniform temperature distributions across their thickness. When solid or shell-solid element models were applied to CFST columns， they successfully captured the interface void， slippage， and constraint effects between the steel tube and concrete. Furthermore， modeling concrete with solid elements incorporating its thermo-mechanical-time constitutive relations satisfactorily represented the phenomenon where the top of the RC two-way slabs cracked while the bottom remained largely intact. Similarly， modeling steel using solid or shell elements with its thermo-mechanical constitutive relations， which implicitly incorporated high-temperature creep into the stress-induced strain， the finite element calculated values of deformation for steel-concrete composite beams and CFST columns under fire showed good agreement with experimental values. 3） Due to the limitations of experimental conditions， structural fire tests seldom achieved the collapse stage， leaving the failure mechanisms of structural systems inadequately understood. It was essential to employ shell-solid finite element models combined with thermo-mechanical-（time） constitutive relationships of materials to conduct fire resistance analysis of composite spatial frames and establish the correlation between component failure and structural system failure. Furthermore， the current fire protection design methods based on component testing or calculation， as stipulated in existing codes， still need to be thoroughly investigated to determine whether they meet the requirements for structural fire protection design.
- steel-concrete composite beam /
- concrete-filled steel tubular column /
- reinforced concrete two-way slab /
- frame structure /
- fire resistance /
- numerical simulation

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