Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of current steel structure design. Currently, material properties have been improved due to advancements in metallurgy technology and the emergence of new materials, enhancing the mechanical, fatigue, and corrosion resistance of new types of steel. Processing technologies have also become more advanced. Design methods have progressed with the aid of CAD and finite element analysis, and intelligent design exploration has emerged and been combined with BIM technology, improving design efficiency and quality. Standards and specifications have continued to improve, covering fine steel classification, considering progress in computational mechanics, and placing emphasis on structural durability. The application field has expanded from traditional architecture to numerous areas such as bridges and offshore platforms. At the same time, steel structure design faces challenges such as complex stress analysis, fire and corrosion prevention, coordination with other structures, and sustainable development. In the future, steel structure design will achieve breakthroughs in material innovation, such as the development of multiphase steel; design methods will become more intelligent; green design concepts will be further integrated; multi-disciplinary cross-disciplinary integration will drive development; and digital construction technology will be used more widely.