A Review on the Research and Application of Steel-UHPC Composite Beam
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摘要: 随着工程新材料的突破性发展,高性能材料在土木工程领域的合理应用与结构形式的发展成为钢-混凝土组合梁创新的重要途径。钢-超高性能混凝土(UHPC)组合梁具有优异的受力性能、耐久性能,为我国土木工程结构的创新发展提供了良好途径和解决办法。为了促进中国桥梁工程向轻量化、高性能化、装配化、可持续化、智能化方向的转型升级,本文结合钢-UHPC组合梁的工程应用现状、受力性能、剪力连接件力学行为三个方面的国内外研究与应用现状,对钢-UHPC组合梁的主要研究进展和未来发展方向进行了分析。首先梳理了钢-UHPC组合梁在国内外桥梁建设领域的工程应用现状,从中小跨径简支梁桥和连续梁桥到跨径超千米的悬索桥和斜拉桥等均有钢-UHPC组合梁的身影,分析表明:随着低碳建筑在全球的兴起以及我国“交通强国”战略的提出,钢-UHPC组合梁桥也将迎来巨大的发展机遇。其次总结了钢-UHPC组合梁在正弯矩和负弯矩作用下的受力性能、受弯性能计算理论及有限元模拟方法方面的研究进展,分析表明:钢-UHPC组合梁的应用可显著提升结构的抗裂性能、受弯承载能力及抗弯刚度,有利于降低结构自重、实现装配化施工,促进高性能工程结构的进一步发展。之后分别探讨了普通栓钉抗剪连接件、短栓钉抗剪连接件、大直径抗剪连接件、群钉布置的栓钉抗剪连接件、开孔钢板抗剪连接件以及螺栓抗剪连接件等剪力连接件的研究现状,分析表明:合理地选用和设计剪力连接件可兼顾不同工程背景下钢-UHPC组合梁对界面连接可靠度和UHPC材料高效利用的共同需求。目前国内外对钢-UHPC组合梁的工作机理、受力性能、剪力连接件的研究虽已逐渐开展,但是系统性不足、仍应围绕基本理论、设计方法等开展深入的系统研究,以满足钢-UHPC组合梁大量工程应用需求。最后对钢-UHPC组合梁受力性能研究和设计理论、高强钢-UHPC组合梁研究、新型剪力连接件受力性能研究以及钢-UHPC组合梁智能设计研究面临的关键问题、主要挑战及未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期对中国桥梁工程的学术研究与工程应用的发展方向提供创新思路。Abstract: With the development of novel engineering materials, the rational application of high-performance materials in the field of civil engineering, alongside the evolution of structural forms, has become a significant pathway for innovations in steel-concrete composite beams. Steel-UHPC composite beams exhibit exceptional mechanical and durability properties, offering a promising pathway and solution for the innovative development of civil engineering structures in our country. In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of Chinese bridge engineering towards lightweight, high-performance, prefabricated, sustainable, and intelligent directions, this paper analyses the main research progress and future development directions of steel-UHPC composite beams. This is done by examining the current state of engineering applications, mechanical performance, and the mechanical behaviour of shear connectors from both domestic and international research and applications. Firstly, the paper reviews the current state of engineering applications of steel-UHPC composite beams in the field of bridge construction both domestically and internationally. These applications span from small and medium-span simply supported and continuous beam bridges to suspension and cable-stayed bridges with spans exceeding a thousand meters, showcasing the presence of steel-UHPC composite beams in various types of bridge structures. It indicates that with the rise of low-carbon construction globally and the introduction of China's "Transportation Powerhouse" strategy, steel-UHPC composite beam bridges are poised to encounter significant development opportunities. Secondly, the paper summarises the research progress on the mechanical performance of steel-UHPC composite beams under positive and negative bending moments, including the calculation theories for bending performance and finite element simulation methods. It indicates that the application of steel-UHPC composite beams can significantly enhance the structural crack resistance, flexural capacity, and flexural stiffness. This is beneficial for reducing the self-weight of the structure, facilitating prefabricated construction, and promoting the further development of high-performance engineering structures. Subsequently, the current state of research on various shear connectors was discussed, including conventional stud shear connectors, short stud shear connectors, large diameter shear connectors, grouped stud shear connectors, perforated steel plate shear connectors, and bolt shear connectors. It indicates that the rational selection and design of shear connectors can simultaneously address the dual requirements of interface connection reliability and the efficient utilisation of UHPC materials in steel-UHPC composite beams across various engineering contexts. Although the research on the force transmission mechanism and mechanical performance of steel-UHPC composite beam has been gradually developed, the systematic research is insufficient, and indepth systematic research should still be carried out around the basic theory and design method, so as to meet the needs of a large number of engineering applications. Finally, an outlook is provided on the key issues, main challenges, and future development trends related to the study of the load-bearing performance and design theory of steel-UHPC composite beams, research on high-strength steel-UHPC composite beams, the load-bearing performance of novel shear connectors, and the intelligent design of steel-UHPC composite beams. This is intended to offer innovative insights into the academic research and engineering applications of bridge engineering in China.
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