Research on Key Technology of Design and Construction of Simple Fabricated Special-Shaped Column and Its Steel Frame Structure System in Villages and Towns
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摘要: 随着村镇地区的发展,村镇居民对住房有了更高层次需求,新农村建设中装配式和绿色建造的重要性逐步提高。针对村镇地区低层居民住宅建筑,提出了新型简易装配式异形柱及其钢框架结构体系。首先,描述了新型简易装配式异形柱的构造、节点形式及其特点。该异形柱由3根单柱组成,单柱的截面形式为矩形,3个单柱按L形排列;单柱与U形连接件、L形连接件通过自攻螺钉固接而成;基于该异形柱的连接节点均采用自攻螺钉进行连接,完全不使用焊接。该体系具有“一小二低三易”的优点,即:环境污染小、操作难度低、经济成本低、钢材购买易、构件运输易、装配过程易,满足国家乡村振兴战略对住宅绿色建造的发展需求。然后,基于新型结构体系,借助PKPM建立了该房屋工程的计算模型,完成了该房屋工程结构分析与设计,得到了结构的各项指标与不同工况下的变形图,参考相关规范对节点进行了设计与验算。最后,总结了施工过程中遇到的难点:梁柱节点以及梁梁节点的施工作业面较高,高空操作难度大且存在安全隐患;该新型体系的安装尽量避免使用大型机械,人工直接抬升构件操作难度过大,容易在抬升的过程中对节点造成破坏,且存在安全隐患,针对其提出了3项关键施工技术:自攻螺钉节点简化连接方法、双梯抬升法和框架抬升临时固定措施。其中,自攻螺钉节点简化连接方法提升了自攻螺钉节点连接的效率与准确性,提高了施工的安全性;双梯抬升法降低了人工抬升构件的难度,避免了节点在抬升过程中发生破坏,提高了构件抬升的效率与安全性;框架抬升临时固定措施避免了框架在人工抬升的过程中发生侧翻,提升了框架抬升的安全性。以上3项关键技术提高了新型简易装配式异形柱结构在施工过程中的效率与安全性。Abstract: With the development of villages and towns, the residents of villages and towns have a higher level of demand for housing, and the importance of prefabricated building and green construction in new rural construction is gradually increased. The author′s team put forward a new simple prefabricated special-shaped column and its steel frame structure system for low-rise residential buildings in villages and towns. Firstly, this paper describes the structure, joint form and characteristics of the new recommended prefabricated special-shaped column. The special-shaped column consists of three single columns with rectangular cross-section and L-shaped arrangement. The single column is fastened with U-shaped connectors and L-shaped connectors by tapping screws. The connection joints of the special-shaped column are all connected by tapping screws without welding at all. The system has the advantages: small environmental pollution, low operation difficulty, low cost, easy purchase of steel, easy transportation of components and easy prefabricating process, which meets the development needs of the National Rural Revitalization Strategy for green residential construction. Then, based on the new structure system, this paper establishes the calculation model of the housing project with the help of PKPM, completes the structure analysis and design of the housing project, obtains various structural indexes and deformation diagrams under different conditions, and designs and checks the joints with reference to relevant specifications. Finally, this paper summarizes the difficulties encountered in the construction process. In order to solve the difficulties encountered in construction: the construction work surface of beam-column joints and beam-beam joints is high and the operation at high altitude is difficult and there are potential safety hazards; the installation of the new system avoids large-scale machinery as far as possible, and the manual direct lifting component is too difficult to operate, which is easy to damage the joint during lifting and has potential safety hazards. Three key construction techniques are proposed: simplified connection method of tapping screw joint, double-ladder lifting method and temporary fixing measures for frame lifting. The simplified connection method of self-tapping screw joint improves the efficiency and accuracy of connection of self-tapping screw joint and the safety of construction. The double-ladder lifting method reduces the difficulty of lifting the components manually, avoids the damage of the joint during lifting and improves the efficiency and safety of lifting the components. Temporary fixing measures for frame lifting avoid frame rollover during manual lifting and improve the safety of frame lifting. The above three key technologies improve the efficiency and safety of the new simple prefabricated special-shaped column structure in the construction process.
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