Recent Development and Engineering Practice of Spatial Structures in China
-
摘要: 近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展,为满足各种文化、体育、交通及社会活动的需要,建造大跨空间结构的需求日益增多,空间结构的工程实践取得重要进展,各种形式的空间结构体系被成功应用于体育场馆、会展中心、文化娱乐场所、机场航站楼、植物园温室、厂房及库房等。为展现我国空间结构的最新成就,推动空间结构的进一步发展,从四个方面对空间结构的近期发展与工程实践进行总结和回顾,内容涉及了空间结构的实际工程应用、发展回顾、应用案例汇总、结构设计考虑、工程结构体系介绍以及空间结构的创新等。
1)空间网格结构在机场航站楼的应用。
近年来,我国建造了若干座机场,空间网格结构是机场航站楼的主要结构形式。对近十年我国机场航站楼工程进行了汇总,对新建的北京大兴国际机场的结构体系和相关技术进行了详细介绍。由于机场航站楼屋面覆盖面积大,其温度效应和地震响应是结构设计中需要考虑的重要因素。以深圳宝安机场T3航站楼为例,介绍了其设计做法。
2)铝合金空间结构的发展。
与空间钢结构相比,铝合金空间结构具有很多独特的优势。对近年来我国铝合金空间结构的应用工程进行了汇总,详细介绍了上海辰山植物园温室和南京牛首山佛顶宫铝合金空间网格结构的结构体系和设计细节。结果表明,采用板式铆接节点的铝合金单层空间网格结构是一种性能优良的体系,具有空间跨越能力强,自由曲面建筑造型美等特点。
3)索结构体系创新。
索结构是空间结构的一种重要形式。近年来,随着各种大型体育赛事的承办,索结构体系主要应用于各类体育场馆中。并按四种类型介绍索结构体系的创新与发展:
a.索穹顶结构。回顾了索穹顶结构在中国的发展,详细介绍了天津理工大学体育馆索穹顶结构体系,介绍了雅安天全体育馆采用金属屋面的做法。然而,与国际发展水平相比,我国在索穹顶体系应用上仍存在差距。
b.弦支穹顶结构。介绍了弦支穹顶结构在济南奥体中心体育馆、常州奥体中心体育馆、北京工业大学体育馆及大连体育中心体育馆中的工程应用,对大连体育中心体育馆采用的新型巨型网格弦支穹顶结构体系进行了说明。
c.轮辐式索结构。介绍了轮辐式索结构在中国的工程实践,主要包括佛山世纪莲体育场、枣庄体育场和武汉五环体育中心体育场。作为典型工程,介绍了三种不同类型轮辐式索结构体系,分别为深圳宝安体育场采用的双层索桁架体系、苏州奥体中心体育场采用的单层索网体系、徐州奥体中心体育场和郑州奥体中心体育场采用的大开口索承网格结构体系。
d.索网结构。分别介绍了为2022年冬奥会建设的国家速滑馆索网结构和国家重大科学工程500 m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)主动反射面采用的索网结构。
4)膜结构工程实践。
膜结构具有轻质、透光等独有特性,近年来广泛应用于各类建筑结构中。回顾了膜结构在中国的发展,介绍了膜结构在体育场屋面体系中的应用,以及ETFE膜结构的应用情况。随着中国城镇化建设发展和国家全民建设运动以及环境保护政策的需求,为充气膜结构应用提供了发展空间,并在近年得到了快速发展。Abstract: With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the demand for building large span spatial structures has been increasing in past few years to satisfy various requirements of culture, sports, transportation and other social events. Lots of spatial structures have been successfully constructed and great progress has been made on innovation and application of spatial structures in China. To describe the accomplishments and to promote further developments of spatial structures in China, this paper presents a summary and review on recent development and engineering practice of spatial structures in China in following aspects:1)application of spatial grid structures in airport terminals; 2)development of aluminum alloy spatial structures; 3)innovation of cable supported structures; 4)practice of membrane structures. Practical applications of spatial structures in engineering projects are introduced. The development review, application summary, structural design consideration, structural details of projects, and innovation of spatial structures are presented. This gives a good reference for further research and engineering practice of spatial structures. -
Wang X Q. Architectural design of the terminal area of Beijing Daxing International Airport[J]. Architectural Journal, 2019(9):32-37. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Zhu Z Y,Qi Y,et al. Design and research on terminal building of Beijing new airport[J]. Building Structure, 2016, 46(17):1-7. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Zhu Z Y,Qin K, et al. Steel structural design of terminal building of Beijing new airport[J]. Building Structure, 2017, 47(18):1-5. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Zhu Z Y,Zhang L, et al. Seismically isolated design on terminal building of Beijing new airport[J]. Building Structure, 2017, 47(18):6-9. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Zhu Z Y. Application of steel structure in airport terminal building[J]. Construction Technology, 2011, 40(1):36-40. (in Chinese) Zhu Z Y, Shu W N,Ke C H, et al. Application of the seismic isolation and mitigation technologies in large span structures of airport terminal buildings[J]. Spatial Structures, 2012, 18(1):17-24. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Zhu Z Y,Bu L G,et al. Research and application of seismic isolation design of airport terminal structure[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49(18):5-12. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Li H F, Bu L G, et al. Multi-support and multi-dimension excitation seismic analysis on New Kunming Airport building[J]. Building Structure, 2009, 39(12):68-70. (in Chinese) Shu W N,Zhu Z Y,Wang G Q, et al. Structural design on the building of Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport Terminal 3[J]. Building Structure, 2013, 43(17):9-15. (in Chinese) Yang Y C,Zhu Z Y,Qin K,et al. Study on energy dissipation of Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport T3[J]. Building Structure, 2015, 45(18):87-90. (in Chinese) Shen Z Y, Guo X N, Li Y Q. State-of-the-arts of research on aluminum alloy structures[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2007, 28(6):100-109. (in Chinese) Yang L P,Wei S,Zhang Q L. Aluminum reticulated spatial structures:state of the art and key issues[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2013, 34(2):1-19. (in Chinese) Zhang Q L. Applications researches and developments of aluminum alloy structures in China[J]. Construction Technology, 2018, 47(15):13-17. (in Chinese) Ouyang Y W,Qiu L Q,Li Z Q. Application and development review of large-span aluminum alloy structure[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(14):1-7. (in Chinese) Zhou X F, Zhang L L, Hu J Y, et al. Structure design of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden greenhouses[J]. Industrial Construction, 2011, 41(11):30-35. (in Chinese) Li Y M, Zhou X F, Zhang L L, et al. Experiment of sliding support of aluminum alloy structure for Shanghai Botanical Garden greenhouses[J]. Industrial Construction, 2011, 41(11):36-41. (in Chinese) Zhang X F,Cui J C,Yin J. Structural design on large-span space freedom surface aluminum shell of the roof of Fo Ding Palace large dome in Nanjing Niushoushan Culture and Tourism Zone[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(14):8-13. (in Chinese) Zhang X F,Yin J,Ouyang Y W, et al. Structural design on long-span space single-layer aluminum shell of the roof of Fo Ding Palace small dome in Nanjing Niushoushan Culture and Tourism Zone[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(14):19-23. (in Chinese) Ouyang Y W, Sun X Y, Chen B, et al. Installation technology of large-span multi curvature irregular curved surface aluminium alloy roof[J]. Construction Technology, 2016, 45(14):58-63. (in Chinese) Zhang Y Z,Zhang X F,Ouyang Y W. Structural design of steel tree-shaped columns of the large dome of Nanjing Niushou Mountain Usnisa Palace[J]. Building Structure, 2020, 50(3):34-39. (in Chinese) Geiger D H, Stefanicck A, Chen D. The design and construction of two cable domes for the Korean Olympics[C]//Proceedings of IASS Symposium. Osaka:1986:265-272. Geiger D H. Roof structure:United State, 4736553[P]. 1988-04-12. Shi Q X, Zhu Z F, Pei J. Cable dome design in the steel structure of International High-Tech Garden in Taihu Lake in Wuxi city[J]. Building Structure, 2009, 39(S1):144-148. (in Chinese) Hu Z P, Li T, Zhao N, et al. Structural design for the exhibition center in China Coal Trading Center of Taiyuan[J]. Building Structure, 2011, 41(9):16-21. (in Chinese) He Z Z, Chen Z H, Hu Z P. Pre-tensioning technique and monitoring of cable dome in China (Taiyuan) Coal Trading Center[J]. Construction Technology, 2011, 40(19):27-29. (in Chinese) Zhang G J, Ge J Q, Wang S, et al. Design and research on cable dome structural system of the National Fitness Center in Ejin Horo Banner Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2012, 33(4):12-22. (in Chinese) Hong G S, Huang L S, Sun F, et al. Construction technique for large cable dome of Ejin Horo Banner Sports Center[J]. Architecture Technology, 2011, 42(11):1012-1014. (in Chinese) Yan X Y, Ma Q, Chen Z H, et al. Analysis and design of the hybrid-form cable dome of the Gymnasium in Tianjin University of Technology[J]. Progress in Steel Building Structures, 2019, 21(1):23-29. (in Chinese) Feng Y, Xiang X A, Dong S L, et al. Design and research on tensegrity type cable dome with metal roof of Ya'an Tianquan Gymnasium[J]. Spatial Structures, 2019, 25(1):3-13. (in Chinese) Xue S D, Gao Z Y, Li X Y, et al. A new prestressed spatial structure:rigid bracing dome[J]. Spatial Structures, 2013, 19(1):3-9. (in Chinese) Dong S L, Tu Y. Structural system innovation of cable dome structures[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2018, 39(10):85-92. (in Chinese) Kawaguchi M, Abe M, Hatato T. On a structural system "suspen-dome" system[C]//Proceedings of IASS Symposium. Istanbul:1993:523-530. Kawaguchi M, Abe M, Hatato T, et al. Structural tests on the "suspen-dome" system[C]//Proceedings of the IASS-ASCE Symposium. Atlanta:1994:383-392. Chen Z H, Liu H B, Wang X D, et al. Review and forecast of suspendome structures[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2010(S1):210-215. (in Chinese) Dong S L, Xing D, Zhao Y. Application and development of modern long-span space structures in China[J]. Spatial Structures, 2012, 18(1):3-16. (in Chinese) Fu X Y, Cao H, Zhang Z H, et al. Structural analysis of the Gymnasium of Jinan Olympic Sports Center[J]. Spatial Structures, 2008, 14(4):3-7. (in Chinese) Zhang Z H, Fu X Y, Dong S L, et al. Structural design of the suspen-dome for the Gymnasium of Jinan Olympic Sports Center[J]. Spatial Structures, 2008, 14(4):8-13. (in Chinese) Feng Y, Xia X, Wang L W, et al. Structural design of Changzhou Gymnasium and Exhibition Center[J]. Building Structure, 2010, 40(9):35-40. (in Chinese) Huang L S, Gao G M, Bi Q H, et al. Construction installation method of steel roof in Changzhou Gymnasium[J]. Construction Technology, 2008, 37(3):29-32. (in Chinese) Zhang A L, Ge J Q, Liu X C. Optimization and determination of prestressed suspend-dome system of the badminton gymnasium for 2008 Olympic Games[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2007, 28(6):1-9. (in Chinese) Ge J Q, Wang S, Liang H T, et al. Design and research of the large-span steel structure of the badminton gymnasium for 2008 Olympic Games[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2007, 28(6):10-21. (in Chinese) Cao Z G, Wu Y, Qian H L, et al. Design and analysis of giant grid suspend-dome of Dalian Centre Gymnasium[J]. Steel Construction, 2011, 26(1):37-42. (in Chinese) Nie G B, Zhi X D, Fan F, et al. Study of the tension formation and static test of a suspendome for Dalian Gymnasium[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012, 45(2):1-10. (in Chinese) Wu W Q, Liu H, Li C G, et al. Simulation analysis on construction process of cable-net roof structure in Guangdong Foshan Century Lotus Arena[J]. Construction Technology, 2008, 37(5):26-29. (in Chinese) Chen J R, Zhang L. Construction technology of the prestress project of Foshan Shijilian Stadium[J]. Construction Technology, 2005, 34(7):21-23. (in Chinese) Li R X, Li Y M, Jiang Q. Research on key structural design technologies of the cable-truss roof system in Zaozhuang Stadium[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(17):22-27. (in Chinese) Li Z, Wang H J, Tu J, et al. Steel roof design of spoke-typed cable supported lattice structure for the Main Stadium of Seventh World Military Games[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49(12):53-58. (in Chinese) Cao J, Liu R J, Zhang L M, et al. Construction technology of Wuhan Dongxihu Stadium spoke cable-supported grid structure[J]. Construction Technology, 2019, 48(20):70-73. (in Chinese) Sun W B, Chen W, Chen H X, et al. Design of wheel-spoke cable-membrane roof structure of Shenzhen Bao'an Stadium[J]. Building Structure, 2011, 41(10):47-49. (in Chinese) Yu B, Liang C Z, Dong Y, et al. Key techniques of roof construction of spoke cable truss structure in Shenzhen Bao'an Stadium[J]. Building Structure, 2011, 41(11):74-77. (in Chinese) Xu X M, Zhang S C, Gao F, et al. Structural design on steel roof of stadium of Suzhou Olympics Sports Center[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49(23):1-6. (in Chinese) Feng Y, Xiang X A, Wang H, et al. Mechanical behavior and form-finding research on large opening spoke-wheel-type cable supported grid structure[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2019, 40(3):69-80. (in Chinese) Wang F, Xu G, Lyu P, et al. Prestressed construction of the ring cantilever cable supported latticed structure in Xuzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium[J]. Construction Technology, 2014, 43(14):78-82. (in Chinese) Feng Y, Xiang X A, Wang L W, et al. Steel structural design of Zhengzhou Olympic Center stadium[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2020, 41(5):11-22. (in Chinese) Xue S D, Liu R J, Li X Y, et al. Concept proposal and feasibility verification of the annular crossed cable-truss structure[J]. International Journal of Steel Structures, 2017, 17(4):1549-1560. Liu R J, Xue S D, Li X Y, et al. Preventing disproportionate displacements in an annular crossed cable-truss structure[J]. International Journal of Space Structures, 2017, 32(1):3-10. Xue S D. Tension structures in China[J]. Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, 2006, 47(2):125-134. Yang Y C, Chen B L, Zhu Z Y, et al. Major structure design of National Speed Skating Oval[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(20):1-4. (in Chinese) Wang Z, Bai G B, Chen B L, et al. Steel structural design of National Speed Skating Oval[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(20):5-11. (in Chinese) Zhang J X, Gao S D, Wang Z Q, et al. Key construction technology of long-span saddleback cable network structure of National Speed Skating Oval[J]. Construction Technology, 2019, 48(24):41-44. (in Chinese) Gao S D, Zhang L, Wang Z L, et al. Key construction technique for wide-span U-shaped circular truss slippage of National Speed Skating Oval[J]. Architecture Technology, 2019, 50(4):464-467. (in Chinese) Shen S Z, Fan F, Qian H L. Research on support structure scheme for active reflector of FAST[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2010, 31(12):1-8. (in Chinese) Zhu Z Y, Liu F, Zhang L, et al. Primary supporting structure design of five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST)[J]. Spatial Structures, 2017, 23(2):3-8. (in Chinese) Ding J Q, Wu W P, Cai L, et al. Construction for steel structure in five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope of National Astronomical Observatories[J]. Construction Technology, 2014, 43(14):57-60. (in Chinese) Zhang Q L. Application review and future development of membrane structures in China[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49(19):55-64. (in Chinese) Yang X, Jiang B L, Zhuang Y B, et al. Design on cable membrane and steel structure of roof for Changchun Olympic Park Stadium[J]. Building Structure, 2018, 48(24):7-12. (in Chinese) Jin Z, He Y, Pan G H. Construction for the complex membrane structure of Yueqing Sports Center Stadium[J]. Construction Technology, 2016, 45(8):60-63. (in Chinese) Yu D G, Li G J, Ai Y, et al. Spatial tensioning membrane structure construction for the large-span roof of Panjin Sports Center Stadium[J]. Construction Technology, 2015, 44(8):49-52. (in Chinese) Zhang Y. The application of ETFE membrane structure in architecture[J]. New Building Materials, 2019(1):138-141. (in Chinese) Li B, Chen Z H, Liu H B, et al. ETFE air cushion membrane structure[J]. Progress in Steel Building Structures, 2016, 18(5):1-9. (in Chinese) Xue S D, Wang H, Li X Y. Shape optimization of pneumatic ETFE cushion structures[J]. Spatial Structures, 2014, 20(3):30-35. (in Chinese) Xue S D. Technical guide for design and construction of inflated membrane structures[M]. Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press, 2019. (in Chinese)
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 533
- HTML全文浏览量: 118
- PDF下载量: 86
- 被引次数: 0