Health Assessment and Reinforcement Design of a Steel Horse-Riding Statue Structure
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摘要: 泉州郑成功公园铜马塑像于2004年正式建成并对外开放,至今已超过20年。在长期使用过程中,未对塑像的结构进行定期检查和维护,铜像表面已有多处受损及漏水现象,导致内部主体钢结构及铜板后面的副支架系统严重锈蚀,因此需对塑像的内部进行全面检测。采用超声测厚仪和游标卡尺等仪器对结构进行检测,钢管壁厚通过锈蚀损失了2 mm左右,球节点的实测壁厚较原设计壁厚平均降低了1~2 mm,钢板损伤厚度均为1 mm。根据施工图纸和实测结果建立整体结构评估模型,计算结果显示马背部分钢板的应力远超钢材设计值,人身和披风大部分杆件应力比远大于1.0,X向风荷载作用下的位移比远大于1/150,即主体结构的强度和刚度均存在超限情况。采用实测厚度在ABAQUS中建立节点有限元分析模型,结果显示身体节点和左后腿节点的应力均已超过钢材强度设计值。采用2个半圆截面的加固件与原锈蚀钢管进行贴合加固,有限元模拟结果显示加固件与圆钢管可以共同工作,从而提高构件的抗压和抗弯承载性能。钢板采用了贴板焊接的加固措施,有限元分析证实贴板与原钢板的应力分布大体一致,即贴板可与原钢板共同工作。在相邻杆件和球节点之间增设圆环状加劲板,并通过有限元分析证明加劲板可有效参与荷载传递,从而实现对节点的加固补强。根据采取的加固措施,在MIDAS/Gen中建立加固后的结构分析模型,然后施加现行规范的荷载组合工况,完成整体结构加固分析。结果表明,采取加固措施后的整体结构强度及刚度指标均满足现行相关规范的要求。使用RWIND建立数值风洞模型,获取结构在X向和Y向时程风荷载作用下的风压分布,然后将风压施加至结构分析模型进行抗风稳定分析。结果显示,X向和Y向临界荷载系数分别为10.7和25.9,远大于JGJ 7—2010《空间网格结构技术规程》限值(4.2)。Abstract: The bronze horse statue in Quanzhou Zhengchenggong Park was officially completed and opened to the public in 2004 and has been in existence for over 20 years. Due to the lack of regular inspection and maintenance of the statue's structure during long-term use, there have been multiple instances of damage and water leaks on the surface of the bronze statue, resulting in severe corrosion of the main steel structure and the secondary support system behind the copper plate. Therefore, a comprehensive inspection of the statue's interior is required. The structure was inspected using instruments such as ultrasonic thickness gauges and vernier calipers. The wall thickness of the steel pipe was reduced by about 2 mm due to corrosion, and the measured wall thickness of the ball joint was an average of 1-2 mm less than the original design wall thickness. The damaged thickness of the steel plate was 1 mm. Based on the construction drawings and actual measurement results, an overall structural evaluation model was established. The calculation results showed that the stress of the steel plate on the horse's back far exceeded the design value for steels, and the stress ratio of most members in the body and cloak was much greater than 1.0. The displacement ratio under the X-direction wind load was much greater than 1/150, indicating that the strength and stiffness of the main structure had exceeded the limit. A joint finite element analysis model was established in ABAQUS using the measured thickness, and the results showed that the stress in the body joint and the left hind leg joint had exceeded the strength design value for steels. Two semi-circular section reinforcement members were used to reinforce the original corroded steel pipe. The finite element simulation results showed that the reinforcement members and the circular steel pipe could work together to improve the compressive and bending bearing performance of the component. The steel plate was reinforced by welded plates, and finite element analysis confirmed that the stress distribution of the reinforced plate was generally consistent with that of the original steel plate; thus, the plate coukd work together with the original steel plate. Circular stiffeners were added between adjacent members and ball joints, and finite element analysis proved that the stiffeners effectively participate in load transfer, thereby reinforcing and strengthening the joints. Based on the reinforcement measures taken, establish a reinforced overall analysis model in MIDAS/Gen, and then apply the load combination conditions from the current specifications to complete the overall structural reinforcement analysis. The results indicated that the overall structural strength and stiffness indicators after implementing reinforcement measures met the requirements of the current relevant specifications. A numerical wind tunnel model was established using RWIND to obtain the wind pressure distribution of the structure under wind loads in the X and Y directions. The wind pressure was then applied to the structural analysis model for wind stability analysis. The results showed that the critical load coefficients in the X and Y directions were 10.7 and 25.9, respectively, both significantly higher than the limit of 4.2 in the Technical Specification for Space Frame Structures(JGJ 7‒2010) .
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