摘要:
近年来,我国建筑钢结构防火技术取得了显著进展。回顾了自20世纪90年代初以来,我国在建筑钢结构抗火性能研究和防火技术领域的主要成就,系统剖析了火灾模拟技术、抗火安全评估技术及防火保护技术的发展历程。首先,介绍了大空间火灾场景中的温度分布及其对钢结构抗火性能的影响,以及火灾数值模拟方法与结构火灾安全评估技术;然后,阐述了基于承载力法和临界温度法的结构耐火承载力验算方法,强调了大跨度钢结构消防安全设计的特殊需求;最后,依托一系列典型钢结构工程防火安全设计案例,介绍了钢结构防火保护技术在实际工程中的应用,诠释了基于计算的钢结构防火保护设计方法在保障钢结构火灾安全性、提升运维经济性和建筑表观方面的重要作用,以期为我国建筑钢结构抗火性能理论及设计方法研究指明方向。
Abstract:
In recent years, a significant progress has been made on fire protection technology for building steel structures in China. This paper reviewed the major achievements in the field of fire resistance research and fire protection technologies for building steel structures since the early 1990s. It systematically analyzed the development of fire simulation technology, fire safety assessment methods, and fire protection technologies. First, it introduced the temperature distribution in large-space fire scenarios and its impact on the fire resistance performance of steel structures, along with fire numerical simulation methods and fire safety assessment techniques. Then, it elaborated on the methods for evaluating the fire resistance capacity of structures based on the load-bearing capacity method and the critical temperature method, highlighting the special requirements for fire safety design in long-span steel structures. Finally, through a series of typical fire safety design cases in steel structure projects, the paper illustrated the application of fire protection technologies in practical engineering. It further explained the crucial role of computational fire protection design methods in ensuring the fire safety of steel structures, enhancing operational economy, and improving building aesthetics. The study aims to provide guidance for research on the theory and design methods of fire resistance in steel structures in China.
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