风电机组支撑结构技术发展现状及趋势

王宇航; 周绪红; 杨琳; 张礼贤; 任为; 白久林; 王康

doi:10.13206/j.gjgS24070220

风电机组支撑结构技术发展现状及趋势

doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS24070220

王宇航^1,2,
周绪红^1,2,
杨琳^1,2, ,,
张礼贤^1,2,
任为^1,2,
白久林^1,2,
王康^1,2

1. 重庆大学土木工程学院, 重庆 400045;
2. 重庆大学, 山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(52278144)

中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2024CDJYXTD-005)。

详细信息

作者简介:
王宇航,博士,教授,主要从事钢结构、钢-混凝土混合结构、风电机组支撑结构研究工作。

通讯作者:
杨琳,博士研究生,20221601057@stu.cqu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 225
- HTML全文浏览量: 19
- PDF下载量: 44
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-02
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-06

Current Status and Development Trend of Supporting Structures for Wind Turbines

Yuhang Wang^1,2,
Xuhong Zhou^1,2,
Lin Yang^{1,2
, ,},
Lixian Zhang^1,2,
Wei Ren^1,2,
Jiulin Bai^1,2,
Kang Wang^1,2

1. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Cities Construction and New Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China

摘要

摘要: 发展风电是实现"双碳"目标的重要途径。与欧洲地区相比,我国风电产业起步较晚,但发展迅速。目前我国风电行业已进入平价上网阶段,并面临大型化发展趋势,对风电机组支撑结构(包括塔筒与基础)的稳定性、安全性、经济性提出了更高要求。在陆上风电机组塔筒方面,全钢结构塔筒和钢-混凝土混合结构塔筒已广泛使用,其中全钢结构塔筒目前的研究主要围绕局部屈曲和结构优化展开,钢-混凝土混合结构塔筒研究的重、难点在接缝和混凝土疲劳设计方面,当前轮毂高度超过140 m的风电机组普遍使用钢-混凝土混合结构塔筒。此外,格构式和桁架式风电机组塔架在超大容量风电机组和超高轮毂区间具有显著优势,目前已有多种不同形式的样机完成并网。在陆上风电机组基础方面,现浇式混凝土基础施工技术成熟、适应性广,已广泛得以应用,装配式混凝土基础适用于现浇混凝土施工困难的特殊环境。对于海上风电固定式基础,单桩基础结构形式简单,应用最为广泛;重力式基础、吸力筒式基础和多桩式基础也有一定的应用;导管架式基础具有刚度大、稳定性好等优势,适用于较深水域。漂浮式海上风电基础是新的发展方向,包括半潜式、张力腿式、单柱式和驳船式等形式,截至2023年底全球漂浮式风电总装机容量未超过500 MW,还有很大的发展空间。目前风电机组支撑结构仍面临设计理论不完善、具有自主知识产权的通用型设计软件缺失、技术标准体系尚未建立等问题,未来需重点开展相关工作。
- 风电机组 /
- 支撑结构 /
- 陆上风电 /
- 海上风电
Abstract: The development of wind power is an important path to achieve the "dual carbon" goals. Compared to Europe, Chinese wind power industry started later but has developed rapidly. Currently, Chinese wind power industry has entered the stage of on-grid parity and is facing a trend towards larger turbines, which poses higher requirements for the stability, safety, and economy of the wind turbine support structures (including the tower and foundation). For onshore wind turbines, the current widely used tower designs include full-steel and steel-concrete composite structures. Research on full-steel structures focuses mainly on local buckling and structural optimization, while the challenges in steel-concrete composite structures lie in the design of joints and concrete fatigue. When the hub heights exceed 140 meters, the steel-concrete composite tower is typically employed for the current design. In addition, lattice and truss towers for wind turbines have significant advantages for ultra-high towers, with various prototypes already connected to the grid. Regarding the foundations for onshore wind turbines, cast-in-place concrete foundations are widely used in the wind industry for their simplicity and adaptability, while prefabricated concrete foundations are an important development direction for enhancing construction efficiency. For fixed offshore wind turbine foundations, single-pile foundations are the simplest in structure and the most widely used. Gravity-based foundations, suction caissons, and multi-pile foundations have significant construction difficulties and have not yet been widely adopted. Conduit rack foundations, due to their high rigidity and stability, are experiencing a faster growth in application. As the development shifts from nearshore shallow waters to deeper waters, floating offshore wind foundations are emerging as a new development direction, including semi-submersible, tension leg, monopile, and barge-mounted designs. By the end of 2023, the total installed capacity of floating wind power in the world will not exceed 500 MW, indicating significant room for growth. At present, the supporting structures for wind turbine units still face issues such as incomplete design theories, a lack of generic design software with independent intellectual property rights, and an undeveloped technical standards system. In the future, it is necessary to focus on related work in these areas.
- wind turbine /
- supporting structures /
- onshore wind power /
- offshore wind power

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