A Whole Process Finite Element Analysis of the Construction of an Open Steel Structure Glass Dome in an University
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摘要: 对某学院新校区钢结构穹顶项目施工全过程进行数值模拟研究,对该网架结构在施工过程中的受力情况进行分析,并对关键位置的受力与变形进行监测,为敞开式钢结构玻璃穹顶施工提供理论基础,保证施工安全。利用生死单元法对穹顶结构中鱼腹支撑、环形桁架、临时支撑的安装以及临时支撑的卸载施工过程进行数值模拟,将整个过程分为鱼腹支撑安装、环向桁架安装、施工卸载3个部分。对鱼腹支撑的不同安装方式进行对比分析发现,若采用顺序安装,结构会存在较大的横向位移,易发生失稳破坏,故在施工安装中应当采用中心对称方式,使顶部压力环和整体横向变形较小,结构有良好的稳定性。结构变形主要表现为竖向位移,顶部压力环的竖向位移最大达到24.5 mm,环形桁架最大竖向位移达到28.65 mm;穹顶结构的横向位移最大仅有15 mm,且在第六组鱼腹支撑安装完成后,最大横向位移开始下降。3组鱼腹支撑安装完成后,弯曲应力和组合应力最大位置均在顶部压力环,且应力值增长较快,临时支撑与顶部压力环焊接处的弯矩也急剧增大。鱼腹支撑、环向桁架全部安装完成后,最大组合应力为141.4 MPa,远未达到钢材的屈服应力;穹顶结构的横向位移最大仅有9.44 mm,不足临时支撑高度的1/400。施工卸载采用分级卸载模式,每级向下卸载3 mm,在卸载过程中,穹顶结构中的杆件变形均呈线性变化,表明选用的卸载方式是可靠的。临时支撑拆除完成后,结构由临时支撑体系受力状态转换到结构自由受力状态。整个施工过程中穹顶结构表现出较好的稳定性。Abstract: This article conducted numerical simulation research on the entire construction process of the steel structure dome project in a new campus of a college. The stress situation of the grid structure during the construction process was analyzed, and the stress and deformation at key positions were monitored, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of open steel structure glass domes and ensures construction safety. This article used the life and death element method to numerically simulate the installation and unloading process of fish belly support, circular truss, and temporary support in dome structures, and devided the entire process into three parts: fish belly support installation, circumferential truss installation, and construction unloading. By comparing and analyzing the different installation methods of fish belly support, it was found that if sequential installation was used, there will be significant lateral displacement in the structure, which is prone to instability and damage. Therefore, in construction and installation, a central symmetric method should be adopted, with minimal deformation of the top pressure ring and overall lateral deformation of the structure, showing good stability. The main manifestation of structural deformation is vertical displacement, with a maximum vertical displacement of the top pressure ring reaching 24.5 mm, and the maximum vertical displacement of the circular truss reaching 28.65 mm. The maximum lateral displacement of the dome structure was only 15 mm, and after the installation of the sixth group of fish belly support, the maximum lateral displacement began to decrease. After the installation of the three sets of fish belly support, the maximum bending stress and combined stress appeared at the top pressure ring, and the stress value increased rapidly. The bending moment at the welding point between the temporary support and the top pressure ring also increased sharply. After the installation of all fish belly support and circumferential truss, the maximum combined stress was 141.4 MPa, which is far from reaching the yield stress of the steel. The maximum lateral displacement of the dome structure was only 9 mm, less than 1/400 of the temporary support height. The construction unloading adopted a graded unloading mode, with each level unloading 3mm downward.During the unloading process, the deformation of the members in the dome structure showed a linear trend. Therefore, the unloading method selected in this article was reasonable. After the temporary support removal was completed, the structure transformed from the stress state of the temporary support system to the free stress state of the structure. The dome structure showed good stability throughout the whole construction process.
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