Research on Refined Installation Management of Fully Dry-Connected Prefabricated Slab Based on BIM+3D Laser Scanning Technology
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摘要: 全干式连接装配式楼板完全避免了施工现场湿作业,可使钢结构建筑工期短、环保性强的优势得到充分发挥,但由于该楼板完全预制的特性,故在安装精度控制方面要求较高。现有BIM技术无法考虑装配式构件的生产及装配误差,为解决全干式连接装配式楼板因生产精度不够而导致现场装配失败需要返厂重制造成的时间、运输和人力等成本增加的问题,针对全干式连接装配式楼板提出一种基于BIM+三维激光扫描技术的精细化安装管理方法,在预制构件仓储阶段即可完成精度检测与虚拟装配,可有效避免由精度不足引起的成本浪费。该精细化安装管理方法在构件预制工厂采用全站仪建立空间坐标系并通过标靶点确定各构件实物在空间中的位置坐标,然后使用三维激光扫描仪分别扫描全干式连接装配式楼板预制盖、底板单元获取各构件点云数据。应用先进的数据后处理软件MAGNET Collage实现标靶拼接、点云数据拟合、点云分割提取、降噪处理和坐标系建立,从而得到各构件点云模型及其空间位置,实现构件实物及其空间位置几何意义上的实景复制,获取了带有生产误差及装配误差的全干式连接装配式楼板各构件数字孪生模型。所得数字模型与根据图纸创建的理想BIM模型通过空间坐标系对接匹配进行对比分析,可获取预制构件相应误差的大小和位置;通过全干式连接装配式楼板盖、底板单元数字模型之间的虚拟预拼装可获取实际安装中各构件的装配误差,调整参考点坐标进行误差修正并输出最终坐标调整数据用于指导相应构件的现场安装;基于以上技术提出该楼板施工质量与安全管理办法,通过生产、仓储、预拼装、运输和施工五个阶段对全干式连接装配式楼板工厂预制至现场装配之间的过程进行协调管理。结果表明:该精细化安装管理方法能快速获取全干式连接装配式楼板数字孪生模型,对其生产精度进行分析可得最大相对误差为5%,满足精度要求;通过虚拟装配可预测实际施工中可能出现的因累积误差导致现场无法实现装配的问题,提高全干式连接装配式楼板在钢结构建筑中现场安装效率,有效避免了由精度不足引起的成本浪费。基于BIM+三维激光扫描技术的精细化安装管理方法可推广至其他对精度要求较高的装配式结构。Abstract: The fully dry-connected prefabricated slab completely avoids wet work on the construction site, which can make full use of the advantages of short construction period and environmental protection of the steel structures. However, due to the feature of completely prefabrication of the slab, it requires high installation accuracy. Existing BIM technologies cannot consider the production and assembly errors of prefabricated components. In order to solve the problem of increased costs such as time, transportation and manpower when return to the factory for remanufacturing caused by the failure of on-site assembly due to insufficient production accuracy of the fully dry-connected prefabricated slab, a refined installation management method based on BIM+3D laser scanning technology was proposed for the fully dry-connected prefabricated slab, which could complete precision detection and virtual assembly in the storage stage of prefabricated components, effectively avoiding cost waste caused by insufficient accuracy. The refined installation management method established a spatial coordinate system using a total station in precast component factory, and determined the position coordinates of each component in space through target points, and then used a three-dimensional laser scanner to scan the cover and base slab unit of the fully dry-connected prefabricated slab to obtain the point cloud data of each component. The advanced data post-processing software MAGNET Collage was applied to achieve target splicing, point cloud data fitting, point cloud segmentation and extraction, noise reduction and coordinate system establishment so as to obtain the point cloud model of each component and its spatial position, namely, the real scene replication of the component and its spatial position in the geometry sense was realized, and the digital twin model of each component of the fully dry connected prefabricated slab with production and assembly errors was obtained. Comparing and analyzing the digital model and the ideal BIM model created according to the drawings by docking and matching the spatial coordinate systems could obtain the size and position of the corresponding errors of the prefabricated components. The assembly errors of each component in the actual installation could be obtained through the virtual preassembly between the digital models of the cover and base slab units, adjusted the coordinates of the reference points to correct the errors and output the final coordinate adjustment data to guide the on-site installation of the corresponding components. Based on the above technologies, the construction quality and safety management method of the slab were proposed, which coordinates and manages the process from factory prefabrication to on-site assembly of the fully dry-connected prefabricated slab through the five stages of production, warehousing, pre-assembly, transportation and construction. The results showed that the refined installation management method can quickly obtain the digital twin model of the fully dryconnected prefabricated slab, and analyze its production accuracy, the maximum relative error is 5%, which meets the accuracy requirements; the assemble problems that may occur in site construction due to accumulated errors can be predicted through virtual preassembly, improving the on-site installation efficiency of the fully dry-connected prefabricated slabs in steel structures, effectively avoiding cost waste caused by insufficient accuracy. The refined installation management method based on BIM+ 3D laser scanning technology can be extended to other prefabricated structures with high accuracy requirements.
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