Analysis and Design of High-Rise Special-Shaped Steel-Reinforced Concrete Frame Shear Wall Structures
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摘要: 本工程为国内最高石雕塑结构之一,总高度为62 m,占地面积4200 m2。雕像的外轮廓表面,采用厚度为30~50 cm的花岗岩石材,并采用砌筑与干挂相结合的连接方式,与石材相连的混凝土墙厚度达80 cm左右,因此结构外挂荷载极大。经前期方案设计,决定采用由型钢混凝土梁、柱构成的异形框架结构,内部设置剪力墙,手臂、肩膀及头部等部位采用钢结构。对本工程超限项进行审查,结果显示存在扭转不规则、凹凸不规则、尺寸突变及局部不规则的情况。综合考虑建筑的功能和规模,最终设定抗震性能目标为C级,部分关键构件提高至B级。通过YJK和MIDAS Gen模型得到了结构的前3阶振型。结果表明:本工程的结构布置合理,具有足够的抗扭刚度。通过多遇地震弹性计算,YJK和MIDAS模型所得结构指标误差均值仅为3.9%,表明计算模型的准确性。本工程在多遇地震作用下各项指标均满足相关规范要求:最大层间位移角为1/893,小于JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》限值(1/800);最小剪重比为5.7%,大于GB/T 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计标准》限值(3.28%)。;刚重比最小值为14.6,远大于JGJ 3—2010限值(1.4);X向和Y向在多遇地震作用下抗倾覆力矩与倾覆力矩比值分别为4.17和3.79,为无零应力区。通过开展风洞试验,获取了各层在风荷载作用下的水平剪力,并施加至YJK模型,所得风荷载最大层间位移角小于JGJ 3—2010限值。根据设防地震性能目标,本工程在设防地震下关键构件需要满足抗弯弹性及抗剪弹性。剪力墙角柱和框架柱均采用型钢混凝土柱,满足抗剪及抗弯弹性的性能目标。剪力墙连梁需增设交叉斜筋来满足抗剪不屈服的性能目标。上部钢结构在设防地震作用下应力比均小于0.8,满足设防地震弹性的性能目标。将上部钢结构的上下弦杆与支座处型钢混凝土柱中的十字型钢直接相连,保证上部钢结构的荷载可以有效传递至下部型钢混凝土结构。本工程采用SAUSGE进行罕遇地震弹塑性分析。结果表明:结构在罕遇地震作用下的X和Y向地震剪力约为多遇地震时的2.3倍,结构整体耗能能力较好;X方向结构的最大弹塑性层间位移角为1/166,Y向为1/204,均小于JGJ 3—2010限值(1/100);底部剪力墙轻微损坏,连梁轻度破坏,上部剪力墙大部分轻微破坏,部分中度及重度破坏,连梁中度破坏。显然,连梁先于剪力墙破坏,且下部墙体损坏程度低于上部,剪力墙布置合理。但上部重度破坏的剪力墙需设置加固钢板。对于空间桁架而言,进行屈曲分析时并不关注其稳定安全系数,而应通过屈曲模态找到相对薄弱的部位并进行加固。上部钢结构屈曲分析结果表明,前3阶屈曲模态均为局部屈曲,分别为两侧手臂及头部屈曲,需对屈曲部位进行加固。本工程采取在钢结构与吊挂钢结构之间灌注混凝土层进行加固,同时可为钢结构提供防腐蚀保护措施。为避免外部吊挂石材的连接在地震中发生破坏,防止石材掉落造成下部人员伤亡,对单片石材的连接性能开展了振动台试验。试验结果表明,本工程所采用石材与主体结构的连接方式,能承受多遇地震、设防地震及罕遇地震的作用。
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关键词:
- 异形型钢混凝土剪力墙结构 /
- 抗震性能设计 /
- 风洞试验 /
- 稳定性分析 /
- 石材连接振动试验
Abstract: The project is one of the largest large-scale stone sculptures in China, with a total height of 62 meters and a statue area of 4200 m². For the outer contour surface of the statue, it is proposed to use granite stone with a thickness of 30-50 cm, adopting a connection method that combines masonry and dry hanging. The thickness of the concrete wall connected to the stone is about 80 cm. Therefore, the weight of the stone hanging on the entire surface of the statue is very substantial. Based on the preliminary design scheme, it has been decided to adopt a special-shaped frame structure composed of steel-reinforced concrete beams and columns, a composite structural system with internal variable cross-section shear walls, and a steel structure for the arms, shoulders, and head. The review of the overrun items of the project shows that there are torsional irregularity, concave convex irregularity, sudden changes in size, and local irregularity. Considering the function and scale of the building, the seismic performance target is finally set as Grade C, with some key components raised to Grade B. The first three vibration modes of the structure were obtained from YJK and MIDAS/ Gen models. The results showed that the first three modes were basically the same: the first mode was horizontal vibration in the X-direction, the second was horizontal vibration in the Y-direction, and the third was torsional vibration in the XY plane. The vibration mode results showed that the structure exhibited reasonable layout and sufficient torsional stiffness. Through a trequent earthquake elastic calculation, the average error of the structural indices obtained from the YJK and MIDAS models was only 3.9%, indicating that the model is highly accurate. The maximum inter-story displacement angle was 1/893, which was less than the limit of 1/800 in the Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Buildings(JGJ 3-2010). The minimum shear-weight ratio was 5.7%, which was 3.28% higher than the requirements of Code for theSeismic Design of Buildings(GB/T 50011-2010). The minimum stiffness-to-weight ratio was 14.6, far exceeding the limit of 1.4 in JGJ 3-2010. The ratios of the anti-overturning moment to the overturning moment under frequent earthquakes in the X and Y directions were 4.17 and 3.79, respectively, and the zero-stress area was 0%. It is obvious that all performance indicators of the project met the specification requirements under frequent earthquakes. According to the performance objectives for fortification earthquakes, the key components of the project need to meet the requirements of flexural elasticity and shear elasticity under fortification earthquakes. Steel-reinforced concrete columns were adopted for shear wall corner columns and frame columns to achieve the performance objectives of shear resistance and flexural elasticity. Diagonal crossed rebars were provided in the coupling beam of the shear wall to achieve the performance goal of shear non-yielding. The stress ratio of the upper steel structure under fortification earthquakes was less than 0.8, meeting the performance objective of elasticity under fortification earthquakes. A fortification earthquake analysis was performed on the upper steel structure, the bearing reactions were extracted, and the results were used to guide the bearing design. The upper and lower chords of the upper steel structure were directly connected to the cross-section steel embedded in the steel-reinforced concrete column at the support, thus ensuring that loads from the upper steel structure were effectively transferred to the lower steel-reinforced concrete structure. SAUSAGE software was used for elastoplastic analysis under rare earthquakes in this project. The results showed that the seismic shear forces in the X and Y directions of the structure under rare earthquakes were approximately 2.3 times those under frequent earthquakes, and the overall energy dissipation capacity of the structure was better under rare earthquake elastoplastic conditions. The maximum elastoplastic inter-story drift ratios of the structure were 1/166 in the X direction and 1/204 in the Y direction, both of which were less than the limit of 1/100 in JGJ 3-2010. The bottom shear wall was slightly damaged, the coupling beam was slightly damaged, most of the upper shear wall was slightly damaged, some were moderately or severely damaged, and the coupling beam was moderately damaged. Obviously, the coupling beam was damaged before the shear wall, and the damage degree of the lower wall was lower than that of the upper wall, indicating that the layout of the shear wall was reasonable. The heavily damaged upper shear wall was reinforced with steel plates. For the space truss, the buckling analysis focuses not on its stability safety factor, but on identifying relatively weak parts and strengthening them based on the buckling mode. The buckling analysis results of the upper steel structure indicated that the first three buckling modes were local buckling, corresponding to the buckling failure of the arms and the head, respectively. The weak sections therefore required strengthening. This project employed the method of pouring a concrete layer between the steel structure and the suspended steel structure to improve the overall stiffness of the head and arm assembly. This method not only achieved the purpose of reinforcement but also provided anti-corrosion protection measures for the steel structure.To prevent damage to the connections of the external hanging stone during an earthquake and avoid the casualties caused by the falling of stones, a shaking table test was carried out on the connection performance of individual stone panels. The test results demonstrated that the connection between the stone and the main structure can withstand frequent, fortification, and rare earthquakes. -
[1] 王钢,赵才其,马军. 高层异形型钢混凝土框架-核心筒石雕像结构设计[J]. 建筑结构,2021,51(增刊2):118- 121. [2] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 超限高层建筑工程抗震设防专项审查技术要点:建质(2010)109号[Z]. 北京:中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,2010. [3] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程:JGJ 3—2010[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011. [4] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 建筑抗震设计标准:GB/T 50011—2010[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2024. -
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